Amnion-Derived Teno-Inductive Secretomes: A Novel Approach to Foster Tendon Differentiation and Regeneration in an Ovine Model

Regenerative medicine has greatly progressed, but tendon regeneration mechanisms and robust in vitro differentiation protocols remain to be elucidated. Recently, explant co-culture (CO) been proposed as an model recapitulate the microenvironment driving development regeneration. Here, we explored standardized for production storage of bioactive tendon-derived secretomes with evaluation their teno-inductive effects on ovine amniotic epithelial cells (AECs). Teno-inductive soluble factors were released culture-conditioned media (CM) only response active communication between explants stem (CM CO ). Unsuccessful tenogenic AECs was noted when exposed CM collected from FT ) only, whereas upregulated SCXB, COL I TNMD transcripts, AECs, alongside stimulation mature 3D tendon-like structures enriched extracellular matrix proteins. Furthermore, although effect partially inhibited by freezing , this could recovered application vivo -like physiological oxygen (2% O 2 environment during tenogenesis. Therefore, can considered a waste tissue product potential used regenerative bio-inspired devices innovate engineering healing.